Audrey Hepburn : The Mosley Connection.
Audrey Hepburn was born on 4 May 1929 in Ixelles, a municipality in Brussels, Belgium. Her father, Joseph Victor Anthony Ruston (1889–1980), was a British subject, and her mother, Baroness Ella de Heemstra (1900–1984), was a Dutch aristocrat. They married in September 1926 in Jakarta. Audrey Hepburn’s parents were Nazi sympathisers and members of the British Union of Fascists. Ella was friendly with Unity Mitford and encouraged her rabidly anti-Communist husband to join the B.U.F. As the B.U.F. grew in strength, the Hepburn-Rustons were openly involved in its fundraising and recruitment. The following article from Blackshirt, called The Call of Fascism was written by Baroness Ella de Heemstra in April 1935.
奥黛丽·赫本：莫斯利的联系。
奥黛丽·赫本于1929年5月4日出生在比利时布鲁塞尔的伊克赛尔。她的父亲约瑟夫·维克多·安东尼·鲁斯顿(Joseph Victor Anthony Ruston，1889年──1980年)是英国国民，她的母亲埃拉·德·海姆斯特拉男爵夫人(Baroness Ella de Heemstra，1900年──1984年)是荷兰贵族。他们于1926年9月在雅加达结婚。奥黛丽·赫本的父母是纳粹的同情者，也是英国法西斯联合会的成员。埃拉与联合米特福德很友好，并鼓励她的狂热反共丈夫加入BUF。随着BUF的壮大，赫本·鲁斯顿夫妇公开参与了它的筹款和招募。下面这篇来自《黑衫》的文章，题为《法西斯主义的呼唤》，由埃拉·德·海姆斯特拉男爵夫人于1935年4月撰写。
...A few weeks after this article was written, in May 1935, Ella and her husband joined Mosley’s BUF delegation to Germany to observe conditions under the Nazis. They toured autobahns, factories, schools and housing developments, and had the honour of meeting Hitler himself at the Brown House headquarters in Munich. A group photo taken there – showing the Hepburn-Rustons with Unity Mitford, her sister Pamela, and others – was long enshrined in a silver frame on Ella’s mantelpiece. Almost immediately, after their return from Germany, in that same month of May, 1935, Ruston walked out on his wife and six-year-old daughter, Audrey.
At that time, he was very active in the Belgian fascist party, the Rexists as well as the BUF. He would soon divide his time between Belgium and England. Audrey remembers her mother sobbing for days on end, mourning the loss of yet another husband (Ella had been married before). But Ella must have recovered herself fairly quickly because, four months later, she was back in Germany with the Mitford sisters, this time, to witness the military pageantry of the 1935 Nuremberg Rally.
在这篇文章写完几周后，1935年5月，埃拉和她的丈夫加入了莫斯利的BUF代表团，前往德国观察纳粹统治下的情况。他们参观了高速公路、工厂、学校和住宅区，并有幸在慕尼黑的布朗大厦总部会见了希特勒本人。在那里拍摄的一张合影── 赫本·鲁斯顿夫妇与尤尼娅·米特福德、她的妹妹帕梅拉等人── 长期以来一直被供奉在埃拉壁炉架上的银框里。他们从德国回来后，也就是1935年5月的那个月，鲁斯顿几乎立刻抛弃了他的妻子和6岁的女儿奥德丽。
当时，他在比利时法西斯党、RISES以及BUF中非常活跃。他很快就会在比利时和英格兰之间奔波。奥黛丽记得她的母亲连续几天哭泣，哀悼失去另一个丈夫(埃拉以前结过婚)。但埃拉肯定恢复得相当快，因为四个月后，她和米特福德姐妹回到了德国，这一次，她见证了1935年纽伦堡拉力赛的军事盛况。
......In 1939, Ella, now divorced, moved with Audrey to Arnhem, the Netherlands, where her parents lived. Ella’s father, Baron van Heemstra, had been the mayor of Arnhem from 1910-1920. Then, in May 1940, the Nazis invaded the Netherlands. Ella and Audrey would spend the entire war years in Arnhem. Ella liked to drink and she liked to have a good time. She openly fraternized with the German officers, inviting them into the family home, and going out with them in their cars, even crossing the border and driving into Germany for entertainment.
Once she organized a cultural evening in Dusseldorf, Germany, along with the regional head of the NSB (the Dutch Nazi Party). The illegal press of the Dutch Resistance suspected the Baroness of being an agent for the Gestapo (the Nazi secret police).
She worked for the German Red Cross in the Diaconessenhuis (hospital) in Arnhem, nursing wounded German soldiers. Before the war, Ella had displayed a Nazi swastika and a German eagle on the wall of her house in Arnhem. [1]
After the war, with the BUF now banned, Ella concentrated her energies in forging ties with people who could further her daughter Audrey’s career in becoming a prima ballerina, then a model, followed by a film star. They lived in Amsterdam for a time and then The Hague before settling in London. Meanwhile, after walking out on his family in May 1935, Audrey Hepburn’s father had become involved in a corporation with financial ties to the Third Reich. In 1938 he was being investigated by both the Belgium Parliament and the British House of Commons: Mr. Joseph Ruston, a director of the European Press Agency, Ltd. was alleged in the Belgian parliament to have received £110,000 from German industrial chiefs in close touch with Dr. Goebbels to publish an anti-communist newspaper.” [2] His two business partners at the European Press Agency were a Nazi lawyer and a member of the Gestapo.
1939年，现已离婚的埃拉和奥黛丽搬到了她父母居住的荷兰阿纳姆。埃拉的父亲范·海姆斯特拉男爵曾在1910年── 1920年间担任阿纳姆市市长。然后，在1940年5月，纳粹入侵荷兰。埃拉和奥黛丽将在阿纳姆度过整个战争年代。埃拉喜欢喝酒，她喜欢玩得开心。她公开与德国官员友好相处，邀请他们进入家中，并与他们一起开车外出，甚至越过边境，驱车进入德国娱乐。
有一次，她和NSB(荷兰纳粹党)的地区负责人一起在德国杜塞尔多夫组织了一次文化晚会。荷兰抵抗运动的非法媒体怀疑男爵夫人是盖世太保(纳粹秘密警察)的特工。
她在阿纳姆的Diaconessenhuis(医院)为德国红十字会工作，护理受伤的德国士兵。战前，埃拉曾在她位于阿纳姆的房子的墙上展示过纳粹党徽和一只德国鹰。[1]
战后，随着BUF现在被禁止，埃拉集中精力与一些人建立联系，这些人可以进一步发展她女儿奥黛丽的事业，成为一名首席芭蕾舞演员，然后是一名模特，然后是一名电影明星。他们在阿姆斯特丹住了一段时间，然后在海牙住了一段时间，然后定居在伦敦。与此同时，在1935年5月抛弃家人后，奥黛丽·赫本的父亲加入了一家与第三帝国有经济联系的公司。1938年，他同时接受比利时议会和英国下议院的调查：欧洲通讯社董事约瑟夫·鲁斯顿先生被比利时议会指控从与戈培尔博士密切联系的德国工业领袖那里收受了11万英镑，以出版一份反共报纸。
...Shortly before the start of the Second World War, Joseph was living in Regents Park, London. An announcement in the London Gazette, dated April 21, 1939, has him adding the surname Hepburn to his own. It had been the surname of his maternal grandmother’s mother and he believed its lineage to be of some standing.
As to whether he thought it might help him prove his Britishness during the impending storm about to hit Europe is unclear but it does prove that Audrey didn’t just pull the name out of a hat to help her career, as has been suggested in some quarters.
In June 1940, the Battle of Britain had begun, and England was at war with Germany. Joseph was arrested under Defense Regulation 18B, as he was considered an enemy of the state for his membership of “The British Union of Fascists and as an associate of foreign fascists.” [3] He was interned on the Isle of Man for the duration of WWII, after which he settled in Ireland.
第二次世界大战爆发前不久，约瑟夫住在伦敦的摄政公园。日期为1939年4月21日的伦敦公报上的一则公告称，他在自己的姓氏中加上了赫本。这是他外祖母母亲的姓氏，他认为它的血统有一定的历史渊源。
至于他是否认为这会帮助他在即将袭击欧洲的风暴中证明自己的英国身份，目前尚不清楚，但这确实证明了奥黛丽并不是像一些人所说的那样，凭空取下这个名字来帮助她的事业。
1940年6月，不列颠战役开始，英国与德国处于战争状态。约瑟夫根据国防条例18B被逮捕，因为他被认为是国家的敌人，因为他是“英国法西斯主义者联盟和外国法西斯主义者的同伙”。[3]他在二战期间被关押在马恩岛，之后他定居在爱尔兰。
...In May 1955, the British security services believed that Joseph Ruston was dead. They had been watching him closely since the 1930s because they regarded him as a very dangerous man, a potential traitor, a fascist who had strong links with National Socialists in Belgium and Germany and possibly a spy. Ten years before, he’s been released from detention without trial under what became known as Regulation 18B, a legal device that enabled the British government to lock people up for being a member of a political party, in Ruston’s case the British Union of Fascists (BUF), Oswald Mosley’s Blackshirts. In fact, Joseph Ruston was very much alive and not only that, his daughter was internationally famous, perhaps at the height of her career as a Hollywood actress. Around this time Audrey Hepburn starred in Roman Holiday (1953), Sabrina (1954) and was about to make Funny Face (1957).
1955年5月，英国安全部门认为约瑟夫·鲁斯顿已经死亡。自20世纪30年代以来，他们一直密切关注他，因为他们认为他是一个非常危险的人，一个潜在的叛徒，一个与比利时和德国的国家社会党有密切联系的法西斯分子，还可能是一名间谍。十年前，他未经审判就被释放，根据后来被称为18B规则的规定，这是一种法律手段，允许英国政府将作为政党成员的人关押起来，在鲁斯顿的案件中，是英国法西斯主义者联盟(BUF)，奥斯瓦尔德·莫斯利的黑衫。事实上，约瑟夫·鲁斯顿还活着，不仅如此，他的女儿在国际上也很有名，也许是在她作为好莱坞女演员的职业生涯的巅峰时期。大约在这段时间，奥黛丽·赫本主演了《罗马假日》(1953)、《萨布丽娜》(1954)和《笑脸》(1957)。
No one can begrudge Audrey Hepburn her success as a film actress, nor can she be held reponsible for the political views and behaviour of her parents. Her charitable work, following her appointment as a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF in 1988, is admirable. What is less laudable, however, is the public persona she presented throughout her career, one which kept her family’s associations with fascism completely secret and even hinted that she had been some kind of teenage anti-Nazi heroine. It’s entirely understandable that Hepburn did not want her audiences to know that both her parents had been dedicated fascists. Her film career took off at a time when the Second World War and the Holocaust were lived experiences for many people, not just distant memories. Recently however, a great deal has been written about her life during that war, most of it speculative and not supported by evidence, that attempts to rewrite history and alter the facts about Audrey Hepburn’s parents. In attempting, rightly, to exonerate the daughter of any personal connection with extreme right-wing politics, it isn’t necessary to conceal or distort the very real activities of her parents. They did not pass their repugnant views onto her. In fact, it must have been unimaginably difficult for Hepburn to deal with her knowledge – and it was undoubtedly a heavily revised and edited knowledge – of her parents’ past lives.
PETER: Why do people have to tell lies?
REGINA: Usually it’s because they want something. They’re afraid the truth won’t get it.
没有人会嫉妒奥黛丽·赫本作为一名电影演员的成功，也不能因为她父母的政治观点和行为而追究她的责任。她在1988年被任命为儿童基金会亲善大使后所做的慈善工作令人钦佩。然而，不那么值得称赞的是，她在整个职业生涯中展现的公众形象，使她的家人与法西斯主义的联系完全保密，甚至暗示她曾是某种青少年反纳粹英雄。赫本不想让她的观众知道她的父母都是虔诚的法西斯分子，这是完全可以理解的。她的电影生涯是在第二次世界大战和大屠杀对许多人来说都是活着的经历，而不仅仅是遥远的记忆的时候开始的。然而，最近有很多关于奥黛丽·赫本在那场战争中的生活的文章，其中大多数是猜测，没有证据支持，试图改写历史，改变关于奥黛丽·赫本父母的事实。在试图理所当然地免除女儿与极右翼政治的任何个人联系时，没有必要隐瞒或歪曲她父母非常真实的活动。他们没有把他们令人反感的意见转嫁给她。事实上，对于赫本来说，处理她对父母过去生活的了解肯定是难以想象的困难--毫无疑问，这是一份经过大量修改和编辑的知识。
彼得：为什么人们要说谎？
瑞金娜：通常是因为他们想要什么。他们担心真相不会被揭穿。
In 2019, Robert Matzen, a biographer of Hollywood stars, wrote Dutch Girl, a book about Audrey Hepburn’s experiences in the Second World War, working with her son, Luca Dotti. In many ways, Matzen provides an interesting portrayal of life in the Netherlands under Nazi occupation, but when it comes to Hepburn’s parents, he protests too much. Although he is honest about their fascist sympathies before the war, his description of van Heemstra and her Mitford friends as “lipstick Nazis” is as inaccurate as it is sexist and his version of Ella van Heemstra’s wartime metamorphosis from Nazi to the resistance fighter stretches credibility. There is no doubt that as a family, they underwent dreadful experiences and privations, particularly at the end of the war, when the Arnhem area where they lived was the centre of the crucial last battles of the war. There is no evidence that Audrey Hepburn herself had ever had the slightest sympathy for the Nazi occupiers, but the book’s portrayal of her is straight from Hollywood fantasy.
On one occasion, according to Matzen, the 15-year-old Audrey was involved in passing secret messages from the Resistance to fugitive Allied pilots: “After delivering the message to the flier successfully – Go to this place, say these words, and the people will help you – she saw Green Police [Nazis] approaching. Another fifteen year old might have crumbled at this moment. Not the Dutch girl; not the dancer with the iron will and self-discipline to fight to the top of Arnhem ballet. Audrey kept her wits and began picking wildflowers in the rough countryside. When the Germans in the green uniforms reached her, she remained silent and sweetly presented her flowers to them. After the soldiers checked her Ausweis, she was allowed to pass.”
2019年，好莱坞明星传记作家罗伯特·马岑写了一本关于奥黛丽·赫本在第二次世界大战中的经历的书《荷兰女孩》，与她的儿子卢卡·多蒂合作。在许多方面，马岑对纳粹占领下的荷兰生活进行了有趣的描绘，但当谈到赫本的父母时，他抗议得太多了。尽管他对战前他们对法西斯主义的同情是诚实的，但他将范·海姆斯特拉和她的米特福德朋友描述为“口红纳粹”是不准确的，这是性别歧视，他对埃拉·范·海姆斯特拉战时从纳粹到抵抗战士的蜕变的描述扩大了可信度。毫无疑问，作为一个家庭，他们经历了可怕的经历和贫困，特别是在战争结束时，当时他们所居住的阿纳姆地区是战争最后几场关键战役的中心。没有证据表明奥黛丽·赫本本人曾对纳粹占领者有过丝毫同情，【但这本书对她的刻画直接来自好莱坞的幻想。】
根据马岑的说法，有一次，15岁的奥黛丽参与了抵抗逃亡盟军飞行员组织的秘密信息传递：“在成功地将信息传递给飞行员后，去这个地方，说这些话，人们会帮助你。她看到绿色警察[纳粹]走近。另一个15岁的孩子可能在这一刻崩溃了。不是那个荷兰女孩；不是那个有钢铁般的意志和自律的舞者，去奋斗到阿纳姆芭蕾舞的巅峰。奥黛丽保持冷静，开始在崎岖的乡间采摘野花。当身穿绿色制服的德国人来到她身边时，她保持沉默，甜蜜地向他们献花。在士兵们检查了她的奥斯威斯之后，她被允许通过。
Matzen gives a detailed and fascinating description of events at the end of the war in the area around Arnhem and Velp, but it is all either through the eyes of others – people not even connected with the van Heemstras – or it is hearsay, such as the suggestion that Ella hid a British paratrooper in her home for about a week. If true, it was indeed an act that placed the entire family in danger, but there is no proof that it happened. Still, in Matzen’s narrative this becomes “shielding a Tommy” even though “history doesn’t record” it or anything else that Audrey Hepburn and her mother supposedly did. Even so, Ella has been redeemed in Matzen’s eyes: “Her family had done the right thing, taken the risk of shielding a Tommy, and lived to tell the tale. For a time at least, she didn’t have to feel shame that her mother had once been a fascist.”
马岑详细而引人入胜地描述了战争结束时阿纳姆和维尔普周围地区发生的事件，但这要么是通过其他人的眼睛── 那些甚至与范·海姆斯特拉夫妇没有联系的人；要么是道听途说，比如有传言称，埃拉在家中藏匿了一名英国伞兵约一周。如果这是真的，这确实是一种将整个家庭置于危险之中的行为，但没有证据表明它确实发生了。尽管如此，在马岑的叙述中，这变成了“保护汤米”，即使“历史没有记录”这件事，或者奥黛丽·赫本和她母亲应该做的其他事情。尽管如此，艾拉在马岑的眼中还是得到了救赎：“她的家人做了正确的事情，冒着保护汤米的风险，活着讲述了这个故事。至少在一段时间内，她不必为母亲曾经是法西斯分子而感到羞耻。”
References:
1. 1557 Documentatiecollectie Tweede Wereldoorlog. Inventory number 247 Audrey Hepburn. Gelders Archive. Arnhem, the Netherlands. Heemstra, Aarnoud Jan Anne Aleid Baron (1871-1957). Huygens: Biographical Dictionary of the Netherlands. (online)
2. “Banned Nazi Barrister ‘Plays Violin Beautifully,’” Daily Express, March 31, 1938. (Manchester, UK newspaper with leading circulation in the 1930s) The London Gazette, April 21, 1939.
3. Public Record, reference # KV 2/3190. The National Archives, Kew, UK
The Film Star and her Fascist Father: The Independent.
Dalley, Jan. Diana Mosley: A Biography of the Glamorous Mitford Sister who Became Hitler’s Friend and Married the Leader of Britain’s Fascists. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.
“At Nuremberg,” The Blackshirt, October 11, 1935.
“The Call of Fascism,” The Blackshirt, April 26, 1935
Audrey Hepburn: A Biography by Barry Paris, Paperback– 2 Feb 1998
This article reproduced by kind permission of Britannia 18th December 2015
参考资料：
1.1557 Documentatiecolecortie Twede Wereldoor log。库存编号247奥黛丽·赫本。吉尔德斯档案馆。荷兰阿纳姆。阿尔诺·简·安妮·阿莱德·巴伦(1871-1957)。《惠更斯：荷兰传记词典》。(在线)
2.“被禁止的纳粹大律师‘小提琴演奏得很好’，”“每日快报”，1938年3月31日。(英国曼彻斯特报纸，20世纪30年代发行量最大的报纸)伦敦公报，1939年4月21日。
3.公共纪录编号KV 2/3190。英国皇家丘陵国家档案馆
电影明星和她的法西斯父亲：无党派人士。
戴安娜·莫斯利：迷人的米特福德修女的传记，她成了希特勒的朋友，并嫁给了英国法西斯领袖。《纽约》：阿尔弗雷德·A·克诺夫出版社，2000年版。
《在纽伦堡》，《黑衫》，1935年10月11日。
《法西斯主义的呼唤》，《黑衫》，1935年4月26日
奥黛丽·赫本：巴里·帕里斯的传记，平装版，1998年2月2日
本文经不列颠许可于2015年12月18日转载
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