Audrey Hepburn : The Mosley Connection.
Audrey Hepburn was born on 4 May 1929 in Ixelles, a municipality in Brussels, Belgium. Her father, Joseph Victor Anthony Ruston (1889–1980), was a British subject, and her mother, Baroness Ella de Heemstra (1900–1984), was a Dutch aristocrat. They married in September 1926 in Jakarta. Audrey Hepburn’s parents were Nazi sympathisers and members of the British Union of Fascists. Ella was friendly with Unity Mitford and encouraged her rabidly anti-Communist husband to join the B.U.F. As the B.U.F. grew in strength, the Hepburn-Rustons were openly involved in its fundraising and recruitment. The following article from Blackshirt, called The Call of Fascism was written by Baroness Ella de Heemstra in April 1935.
奧黛麗·赫本：莫斯利的聯系。
奧黛麗·赫本于1929年5月4日出生在比利時布魯塞爾的伊克賽爾。她的父親約瑟夫·維克多·安東尼·魯斯頓(Joseph Victor Anthony Ruston，1889年──1980年)是英國國民，她的母親埃拉·德·海姆斯特拉男爵夫人(Baroness Ella de Heemstra，1900年──1984年)是荷蘭貴族。他們于1926年9月在雅加達結婚。奧黛麗·赫本的父母是納粹的同情者，也是英國法西斯聯合會的成員。埃拉與聯合米特福德很友好，并鼓勵她的狂熱反共丈夫加入BUF。随着BUF的壯大，赫本·魯斯頓夫婦公開參與了它的籌款和招募。下面這篇來自《黑衫》的文章，題為《法西斯主義的呼喚》，由埃拉·德·海姆斯特拉男爵夫人于1935年4月撰寫。
...A few weeks after this article was written, in May 1935, Ella and her husband joined Mosley’s BUF delegation to Germany to observe conditions under the Nazis. They toured autobahns, factories, schools and housing developments, and had the honour of meeting Hitler himself at the Brown House headquarters in Munich. A group photo taken there – showing the Hepburn-Rustons with Unity Mitford, her sister Pamela, and others – was long enshrined in a silver frame on Ella’s mantelpiece. Almost immediately, after their return from Germany, in that same month of May, 1935, Ruston walked out on his wife and six-year-old daughter, Audrey.
At that time, he was very active in the Belgian fascist party, the Rexists as well as the BUF. He would soon divide his time between Belgium and England. Audrey remembers her mother sobbing for days on end, mourning the loss of yet another husband (Ella had been married before). But Ella must have recovered herself fairly quickly because, four months later, she was back in Germany with the Mitford sisters, this time, to witness the military pageantry of the 1935 Nuremberg Rally.
在這篇文章寫完幾周後，1935年5月，埃拉和她的丈夫加入了莫斯利的BUF代表團，前往德國觀察納粹統治下的情況。他們參觀了高速公路、工廠、學校和住宅區，并有幸在慕尼黑的布朗大廈總部會見了希特勒本人。在那裡拍攝的一張合影── 赫本·魯斯頓夫婦與尤尼娅·米特福德、她的妹妹帕梅拉等人── 長期以來一直被供奉在埃拉壁爐架上的銀框裡。他們從德國回來後，也就是1935年5月的那個月，魯斯頓幾乎立刻抛棄了他的妻子和6歲的女兒奧德麗。
當時，他在比利時法西斯黨、RISES以及BUF中非常活躍。他很快就會在比利時和英格蘭之間奔波。奧黛麗記得她的母親連續幾天哭泣，哀悼失去另一個丈夫(埃拉以前結過婚)。但埃拉肯定恢複得相當快，因為四個月後，她和米特福德姐妹回到了德國，這一次，她見證了1935年紐倫堡拉力賽的軍事盛況。
......In 1939, Ella, now divorced, moved with Audrey to Arnhem, the Netherlands, where her parents lived. Ella’s father, Baron van Heemstra, had been the mayor of Arnhem from 1910-1920. Then, in May 1940, the Nazis invaded the Netherlands. Ella and Audrey would spend the entire war years in Arnhem. Ella liked to drink and she liked to have a good time. She openly fraternized with the German officers, inviting them into the family home, and going out with them in their cars, even crossing the border and driving into Germany for entertainment.
Once she organized a cultural evening in Dusseldorf, Germany, along with the regional head of the NSB (the Dutch Nazi Party). The illegal press of the Dutch Resistance suspected the Baroness of being an agent for the Gestapo (the Nazi secret police).
She worked for the German Red Cross in the Diaconessenhuis (hospital) in Arnhem, nursing wounded German soldiers. Before the war, Ella had displayed a Nazi swastika and a German eagle on the wall of her house in Arnhem. [1]
After the war, with the BUF now banned, Ella concentrated her energies in forging ties with people who could further her daughter Audrey’s career in becoming a prima ballerina, then a model, followed by a film star. They lived in Amsterdam for a time and then The Hague before settling in London. Meanwhile, after walking out on his family in May 1935, Audrey Hepburn’s father had become involved in a corporation with financial ties to the Third Reich. In 1938 he was being investigated by both the Belgium Parliament and the British House of Commons: Mr. Joseph Ruston, a director of the European Press Agency, Ltd. was alleged in the Belgian parliament to have received £110,000 from German industrial chiefs in close touch with Dr. Goebbels to publish an anti-communist newspaper.” [2] His two business partners at the European Press Agency were a Nazi lawyer and a member of the Gestapo.
1939年，現已離婚的埃拉和奧黛麗搬到了她父母居住的荷蘭阿納姆。埃拉的父親範·海姆斯特拉男爵曾在1910年── 1920年間擔任阿納姆市市長。然後，在1940年5月，納粹入侵荷蘭。埃拉和奧黛麗将在阿納姆度過整個戰争年代。埃拉喜歡喝酒，她喜歡玩得開心。她公開與德國官員友好相處，邀請他們進入家中，并與他們一起開車外出，甚至越過邊境，驅車進入德國娛樂。
有一次，她和NSB(荷蘭納粹黨)的地區負責人一起在德國杜塞爾多夫組織了一次文化晚會。荷蘭抵抗運動的非法媒體懷疑男爵夫人是蓋世太保(納粹秘密警察)的特工。
她在阿納姆的Diaconessenhuis(醫院)為德國紅十字會工作，護理受傷的德國士兵。戰前，埃拉曾在她位于阿納姆的房子的牆上展示過納粹黨徽和一隻德國鷹。[1]
戰後，随着BUF現在被禁止，埃拉集中精力與一些人建立聯系，這些人可以進一步發展她女兒奧黛麗的事業，成為一名首席芭蕾舞演員，然後是一名模特，然後是一名電影明星。他們在阿姆斯特丹住了一段時間，然後在海牙住了一段時間，然後定居在倫敦。與此同時，在1935年5月抛棄家人後，奧黛麗·赫本的父親加入了一家與第三帝國有經濟聯系的公司。1938年，他同時接受比利時議會和英國下議院的調查：歐洲通訊社董事約瑟夫·魯斯頓先生被比利時議會指控從與戈培爾博士密切聯系的德國工業領袖那裡收受了11萬英鎊，以出版一份反共報紙。
...Shortly before the start of the Second World War, Joseph was living in Regents Park, London. An announcement in the London Gazette, dated April 21, 1939, has him adding the surname Hepburn to his own. It had been the surname of his maternal grandmother’s mother and he believed its lineage to be of some standing.
As to whether he thought it might help him prove his Britishness during the impending storm about to hit Europe is unclear but it does prove that Audrey didn’t just pull the name out of a hat to help her career, as has been suggested in some quarters.
In June 1940, the Battle of Britain had begun, and England was at war with Germany. Joseph was arrested under Defense Regulation 18B, as he was considered an enemy of the state for his membership of “The British Union of Fascists and as an associate of foreign fascists.” [3] He was interned on the Isle of Man for the duration of WWII, after which he settled in Ireland.
第二次世界大戰爆發前不久，約瑟夫住在倫敦的攝政公園。日期為1939年4月21日的倫敦公報上的一則公告稱，他在自己的姓氏中加上了赫本。這是他外祖母母親的姓氏，他認為它的血統有一定的曆史淵源。
至于他是否認為這會幫助他在即将襲擊歐洲的風暴中證明自己的英國身份，目前尚不清楚，但這确實證明了奧黛麗并不是像一些人所說的那樣，憑空取下這個名字來幫助她的事業。
1940年6月，不列颠戰役開始，英國與德國處于戰争狀态。約瑟夫根據國防條例18B被逮捕，因為他被認為是國家的敵人，因為他是“英國法西斯主義者聯盟和外國法西斯主義者的同夥”。[3]他在二戰期間被關押在馬恩島，之後他定居在愛爾蘭。
...In May 1955, the British security services believed that Joseph Ruston was dead. They had been watching him closely since the 1930s because they regarded him as a very dangerous man, a potential traitor, a fascist who had strong links with National Socialists in Belgium and Germany and possibly a spy. Ten years before, he’s been released from detention without trial under what became known as Regulation 18B, a legal device that enabled the British government to lock people up for being a member of a political party, in Ruston’s case the British Union of Fascists (BUF), Oswald Mosley’s Blackshirts. In fact, Joseph Ruston was very much alive and not only that, his daughter was internationally famous, perhaps at the height of her career as a Hollywood actress. Around this time Audrey Hepburn starred in Roman Holiday (1953), Sabrina (1954) and was about to make Funny Face (1957).
1955年5月，英國安全部門認為約瑟夫·魯斯頓已經死亡。自20世紀30年代以來，他們一直密切關注他，因為他們認為他是一個非常危險的人，一個潛在的叛徒，一個與比利時和德國的國家社會黨有密切聯系的法西斯分子，還可能是一名間諜。十年前，他未經審判就被釋放，根據後來被稱為18B規則的規定，這是一種法律手段，允許英國政府将作為政黨成員的人關押起來，在魯斯頓的案件中，是英國法西斯主義者聯盟(BUF)，奧斯瓦爾德·莫斯利的黑衫。事實上，約瑟夫·魯斯頓還活着，不僅如此，他的女兒在國際上也很有名，也許是在她作為好萊塢女演員的職業生涯的巅峰時期。大約在這段時間，奧黛麗·赫本主演了《羅馬假日》(1953)、《薩布麗娜》(1954)和《笑臉》(1957)。
No one can begrudge Audrey Hepburn her success as a film actress, nor can she be held reponsible for the political views and behaviour of her parents. Her charitable work, following her appointment as a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF in 1988, is admirable. What is less laudable, however, is the public persona she presented throughout her career, one which kept her family’s associations with fascism completely secret and even hinted that she had been some kind of teenage anti-Nazi heroine. It’s entirely understandable that Hepburn did not want her audiences to know that both her parents had been dedicated fascists. Her film career took off at a time when the Second World War and the Holocaust were lived experiences for many people, not just distant memories. Recently however, a great deal has been written about her life during that war, most of it speculative and not supported by evidence, that attempts to rewrite history and alter the facts about Audrey Hepburn’s parents. In attempting, rightly, to exonerate the daughter of any personal connection with extreme right-wing politics, it isn’t necessary to conceal or distort the very real activities of her parents. They did not pass their repugnant views onto her. In fact, it must have been unimaginably difficult for Hepburn to deal with her knowledge – and it was undoubtedly a heavily revised and edited knowledge – of her parents’ past lives.
PETER: Why do people have to tell lies?
REGINA: Usually it’s because they want something. They’re afraid the truth won’t get it.
沒有人會嫉妒奧黛麗·赫本作為一名電影演員的成功，也不能因為她父母的政治觀點和行為而追究她的責任。她在1988年被任命為兒童基金會親善大使後所做的慈善工作令人欽佩。然而，不那麼值得稱贊的是，她在整個職業生涯中展現的公衆形象，使她的家人與法西斯主義的聯系完全保密，甚至暗示她曾是某種青少年反納粹英雄。赫本不想讓她的觀衆知道她的父母都是虔誠的法西斯分子，這是完全可以理解的。她的電影生涯是在第二次世界大戰和大屠殺對許多人來說都是活着的經曆，而不僅僅是遙遠的記憶的時候開始的。然而，最近有很多關于奧黛麗·赫本在那場戰争中的生活的文章，其中大多數是猜測，沒有證據支持，試圖改寫曆史，改變關于奧黛麗·赫本父母的事實。在試圖理所當然地免除女兒與極右翼政治的任何個人聯系時，沒有必要隐瞞或歪曲她父母非常真實的活動。他們沒有把他們令人反感的意見轉嫁給她。事實上，對于赫本來說，處理她對父母過去生活的了解肯定是難以想象的困難--毫無疑問，這是一份經過大量修改和編輯的知識。
彼得：為什麼人們要說謊？
瑞金娜：通常是因為他們想要什麼。他們擔心真相不會被揭穿。
In 2019, Robert Matzen, a biographer of Hollywood stars, wrote Dutch Girl, a book about Audrey Hepburn’s experiences in the Second World War, working with her son, Luca Dotti. In many ways, Matzen provides an interesting portrayal of life in the Netherlands under Nazi occupation, but when it comes to Hepburn’s parents, he protests too much. Although he is honest about their fascist sympathies before the war, his description of van Heemstra and her Mitford friends as “lipstick Nazis” is as inaccurate as it is sexist and his version of Ella van Heemstra’s wartime metamorphosis from Nazi to the resistance fighter stretches credibility. There is no doubt that as a family, they underwent dreadful experiences and privations, particularly at the end of the war, when the Arnhem area where they lived was the centre of the crucial last battles of the war. There is no evidence that Audrey Hepburn herself had ever had the slightest sympathy for the Nazi occupiers, but the book’s portrayal of her is straight from Hollywood fantasy.
On one occasion, according to Matzen, the 15-year-old Audrey was involved in passing secret messages from the Resistance to fugitive Allied pilots: “After delivering the message to the flier successfully – Go to this place, say these words, and the people will help you – she saw Green Police [Nazis] approaching. Another fifteen year old might have crumbled at this moment. Not the Dutch girl; not the dancer with the iron will and self-discipline to fight to the top of Arnhem ballet. Audrey kept her wits and began picking wildflowers in the rough countryside. When the Germans in the green uniforms reached her, she remained silent and sweetly presented her flowers to them. After the soldiers checked her Ausweis, she was allowed to pass.”
2019年，好萊塢明星傳記作家羅伯特·馬岑寫了一本關于奧黛麗·赫本在第二次世界大戰中的經曆的書《荷蘭女孩》，與她的兒子盧卡·多蒂合作。在許多方面，馬岑對納粹占領下的荷蘭生活進行了有趣的描繪，但當談到赫本的父母時，他抗議得太多了。盡管他對戰前他們對法西斯主義的同情是誠實的，但他将範·海姆斯特拉和她的米特福德朋友描述為“口紅納粹”是不準确的，這是性别歧視，他對埃拉·範·海姆斯特拉戰時從納粹到抵抗戰士的蛻變的描述擴大了可信度。毫無疑問，作為一個家庭，他們經曆了可怕的經曆和貧困，特别是在戰争結束時，當時他們所居住的阿納姆地區是戰争最後幾場關鍵戰役的中心。沒有證據表明奧黛麗·赫本本人曾對納粹占領者有過絲毫同情，【但這本書對她的刻畫直接來自好萊塢的幻想。】
根據馬岑的說法，有一次，15歲的奧黛麗參與了抵抗逃亡盟軍飛行員組織的秘密信息傳遞：“在成功地将信息傳遞給飛行員後，去這個地方，說這些話，人們會幫助你。她看到綠色警察[納粹]走近。另一個15歲的孩子可能在這一刻崩潰了。不是那個荷蘭女孩；不是那個有鋼鐵般的意志和自律的舞者，去奮鬥到阿納姆芭蕾舞的巅峰。奧黛麗保持冷靜，開始在崎岖的鄉間采摘野花。當身穿綠色制服的德國人來到她身邊時，她保持沉默，甜蜜地向他們獻花。在士兵們檢查了她的奧斯威斯之後，她被允許通過。
Matzen gives a detailed and fascinating description of events at the end of the war in the area around Arnhem and Velp, but it is all either through the eyes of others – people not even connected with the van Heemstras – or it is hearsay, such as the suggestion that Ella hid a British paratrooper in her home for about a week. If true, it was indeed an act that placed the entire family in danger, but there is no proof that it happened. Still, in Matzen’s narrative this becomes “shielding a Tommy” even though “history doesn’t record” it or anything else that Audrey Hepburn and her mother supposedly did. Even so, Ella has been redeemed in Matzen’s eyes: “Her family had done the right thing, taken the risk of shielding a Tommy, and lived to tell the tale. For a time at least, she didn’t have to feel shame that her mother had once been a fascist.”
馬岑詳細而引人入勝地描述了戰争結束時阿納姆和維爾普周圍地區發生的事件，但這要麼是通過其他人的眼睛── 那些甚至與範·海姆斯特拉夫婦沒有聯系的人；要麼是道聽途說，比如有傳言稱，埃拉在家中藏匿了一名英國傘兵約一周。如果這是真的，這确實是一種将整個家庭置于危險之中的行為，但沒有證據表明它确實發生了。盡管如此，在馬岑的叙述中，這變成了“保護湯米”，即使“曆史沒有記錄”這件事，或者奧黛麗·赫本和她母親應該做的其他事情。盡管如此，艾拉在馬岑的眼中還是得到了救贖：“她的家人做了正确的事情，冒着保護湯米的風險，活着講述了這個故事。至少在一段時間内，她不必為母親曾經是法西斯分子而感到羞恥。”
References:
1. 1557 Documentatiecollectie Tweede Wereldoorlog. Inventory number 247 Audrey Hepburn. Gelders Archive. Arnhem, the Netherlands. Heemstra, Aarnoud Jan Anne Aleid Baron (1871-1957). Huygens: Biographical Dictionary of the Netherlands. (online)
2. “Banned Nazi Barrister ‘Plays Violin Beautifully,’” Daily Express, March 31, 1938. (Manchester, UK newspaper with leading circulation in the 1930s) The London Gazette, April 21, 1939.
3. Public Record, reference # KV 2/3190. The National Archives, Kew, UK
The Film Star and her Fascist Father: The Independent.
Dalley, Jan. Diana Mosley: A Biography of the Glamorous Mitford Sister who Became Hitler’s Friend and Married the Leader of Britain’s Fascists. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.
“At Nuremberg,” The Blackshirt, October 11, 1935.
“The Call of Fascism,” The Blackshirt, April 26, 1935
Audrey Hepburn: A Biography by Barry Paris, Paperback– 2 Feb 1998
This article reproduced by kind permission of Britannia 18th December 2015
參考資料：
1.1557 Documentatiecolecortie Twede Wereldoor log。庫存編号247奧黛麗·赫本。吉爾德斯檔案館。荷蘭阿納姆。阿爾諾·簡·安妮·阿萊德·巴倫(1871-1957)。《惠更斯：荷蘭傳記詞典》。(在線)
2.“被禁止的納粹大律師‘小提琴演奏得很好’，”“每日快報”，1938年3月31日。(英國曼徹斯特報紙，20世紀30年代發行量最大的報紙)倫敦公報，1939年4月21日。
3.公共紀錄編号KV 2/3190。英國皇家丘陵國家檔案館
電影明星和她的法西斯父親：無黨派人士。
戴安娜·莫斯利：迷人的米特福德修女的傳記，她成了希特勒的朋友，并嫁給了英國法西斯領袖。《紐約》：阿爾弗雷德·A·克諾夫出版社，2000年版。
《在紐倫堡》，《黑衫》，1935年10月11日。
《法西斯主義的呼喚》，《黑衫》，1935年4月26日
奧黛麗·赫本：巴裡·帕裡斯的傳記，平裝版，1998年2月2日
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原地址：https://www.oswaldmosley.com/audrey-hepburn-the-mosley-connection/
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