看過的導演訪談不多,這部是我目前為止覺得最難啃的。布列松在裡面提出了很多對我來說有趣甚至獨特的觀點,我經常需要暫停重看以理解他的意思。這個長評是關于紀錄片中我覺得有意思的點的摘抄與思考。
一、
戈達爾:布列松既是(人性的)檢察官也是人文主義者。
杜拉斯:在布列松之前的電影都是寄生蟲,依附于其他藝術形式,但是布列松賦予了電影生命。電影獨立了。
——思考:個人不贊成布列松讓電影獨立,不過布列松電影的确獨樹一幟。
二、
布列松把《驢子巴特薩》的驢比作卓别林電影中的Little Tramp,因為這兩個角色都意味着一種eroticism/spirituality/Christian mysticism。
——思考:沒完全看懂這裡在說什麼,但這個比喻似乎很有道理。
三、
“To me, the most important part of a film is its rhythm. Everything is expressed by the rhythm. Without rhythm, there's nothing.”
四、
“攝影機隻是reproduce,不是create。電影是在剪輯室産生的,在那裡重組圖像,添加音效,這樣才能開花結果。”
五、
“藝術的重點在于suggestion,電影人的困難在于不應該明确展現(precisely show)事物。理想情況下什麼都不應該被展現,但那不可能,所以要通過展現一個角度去evoke所有其他角度(而且這些角度不能被展現)。”
六、
“電影中的思想必須通過合适的圖像與聲音來表現,台詞是最後的選擇。”
七、
《驢子巴特薩》隻用一種鏡頭:長焦距,50mm的鏡頭,限制很大,但效果卻很驚人,就像布列松的零度表演。
八、
在《驢子巴特薩》中布列松從不規劃場面調度,而是現場透過50mm鏡頭去盡力捕捉構圖。
——思考:這與接下來(九)和(一O)中表述的影像思維似乎是一緻的,即強調自發(automacy)反對編排。
九、
“我們的身體是有自主性的,就像你坐着把手放在膝蓋上并不是你深思熟慮的結果。我們說的話也和我們腦中所想的不一定一緻,the words come even as we think, and perhaps even make us think。從這個意義上說,戲劇藝術是不真實不自然的。”
一〇、
布列松談到演員表演:“I like the mind to be completely uninvolved in what's happening. We keep repeating lines, 50 times if necessary, until the mind no longet intervenes in the dialogue or gestures. Once things become automatic, the actor is thrown into the action of the film, and completely unexpected things happen that are a hundred times more real than theatrical acting. When the actor has memorized his lines, thinking out his every line and gesture, there's no way it will seem real. That's the improvisation I speak of. We can't imitate life. We have to find a way to reproduce it without imitating it. If we imitate life, it's not real. It's fake. I think using a mechanism like this can lead to something lifelike, and even real.”
——思考:雖然個人不認為布列松這樣制造出的電影是真實的(或者最接近真實的),但不得不說,通過聚焦于影片角色們無意識自發的(而不是編排過的)行為機制,這些角色們的思想與情緒的确在觀感上擁有一種奇特的真實且自然的質感(即我們不覺得他們是沒有靈魂的木偶/僵屍,而覺得是雖然行為方式奇特但卻依然有着生動靈魂的活生生的人)。
一一、
如何讓演員處理台詞:i ask them to learn their lines ignoring their meanings, as if they didn't have a meaning, as if the words were just syllables. As if words weren't madr of words but of syllables. The meaning comes upon them unaware. At the moment I described earlier, when I set them loose in the film.