*Q means compere
*A means Simone de Beauvoir
Q:This is probably the first time time you are seeing Simone de Beauvoir, like Jean Paul Sartre, her lifelong companion, she has always refused until this year to appear on TV.
这大概是你第一次看见西蒙德波伏娃，她同她的终身伴侣萨特一样，一直以来拒绝在电视上露面，直到今年。
Her novels, such as the Mandarins, awarded the 1954 Prix Goncourt, or reminiscences like Memories of A Dutiful Daughter,have made her known to the public as one of the greatest writers of today. But it's through her essay The Second Sex,published over 25 years ago,that she has played a historic role in transforming the ideas of our time.
她的小说《名士风流》，获得1945年龚古尔奖，回忆录《女儿的回忆》使她成为当代最著名的作家之一。但却是她的随笔、出版已逾二十五年的《第二性》，使得她成为改变我们时代的历史性人物。
This thick,arduous two-volume work was the first to describe and explain the secondary status of women throughout human history. Just as the ideological reference for communists is Marx's Captial,feminist all over the world refer today to the The Second Sex.
这本厚重的、艰深的、分上下两册的著作，是第一部描述、解释女性在整个人类历史上自始至终都作为“第二性”存在着的境况。就像马克思的《资本论》之于共产主义者，全世界的女性主义者们如今将《第二性》奉为圭臬。
Some people may find this to be a lopsided comparison,because they underestimate the impact of the changes that victories of feminism will bring about in the future ,in the world we live in. It's this rising force and promise of profound changes that Simon de Beauvoir will discuss with us tonight.
有人会认为这个比喻并不恰当，这是因为他们低估了女性主义的胜利为这个世界带来的影响。女性主义，这种正在冉冉升起的新力量，以及它将为世界带来怎样深刻的变化，将是波伏娃今晚要与我们探讨的问题。
Simon de Beauvoir,The Second Sex,were we to try and sum it up,which is indeed a difficult task,could be said to revolve around this idea,which has often be repeated since,but which I'd like you to explain to us:One is not born a woman,one becomes one.
西蒙德波伏娃，您的《第二性》，当我们试图总结它，会发现那很困难，不过，它围绕着这样的一个不断重复出现的主题，而我们想请您解释它——女性不是生来就是女性，而是被规训为女性的。
A:Yes,the formula is the basis of all my theories and its meaning is very simple that being a woman is not a natural fact. It's the results of a certain history. There is no biological but psychological destiny that defines a woman as such.
是的，这个原则是我所有理论的基石。它意味着“成为一个女人”不是一件自然而然的事，而是某些经验构建的结果。不是生理，而是心理，将女人定义为如今这个样子。
She is a productive of a history of civilization,First of all,which has resulted in her current status,and secondly,for each individual woman of her personal history,in particular,that of her childhood,this determined her as a woman creates in her something which is not at all innate,or an essence,something which has been called the "enternal feminine",or feminity.
女性整体是文化的产物，它让她变成如今的样子。而对于每个女性个体而言，则是她们个人的经验、尤其是她们童年的经验，决定她们成为女人。决定她们的从来不是内在的本质，而是一些被叫做“女性特质”的东西，即女性的外在。
The more we study the psychology of children,the deeper we delve,the more evident it becomes that baby girls are manufactured to become women. There's an excellent book written by an Italian,Elena Bellotti,What Are Little Girls Made Of?She shows that long before a child is conscious,the way it is breastfed or held or rocked,etc,inscribe in its body what may later appear to be a destiny.
我们越研究儿童的心理，越深入挖掘，我们就发现越多的证据表明，女婴是被塑造成为女人的。有一本意大利作家的书，她在书中表明早在儿童有意识之前，母乳喂养的方式、抱或者轻摇孩子的方式等等，都深刻了孩子的身体，并对他们之后的生命造成影响。
Q：The biological differences,which are obvious,play no role,in your opinion,in the way the individual beheaves later on?
生理上的明显差异，在您看来，在个体行为的形成中，没有任何起到任何作用吗？
A：Certainly,they play a role,but the emphasis placed on these differences,the importance they take on,come from the social context around them.Of course,it's important that it's women who got pregnant and have children and not men,that's a major difference,but it's not the basis for the difference in status,or the exploitation and oppression which women are subjected to.It's a pretext around which the feminine condition is built,but it's not what determined this condition.
可以肯定的是，它们并非毫无影响，但是这些差异的重要性是建立在社会语境上的——是女性怀孕生子而不是男性，这一点不同当然很重要——它不是造成如今男女地位悬殊、男性对女性的剥削与压迫的根本所在，它对这种状况推波助澜、但不是决定性因素。
Q：When you say "exploitation"or "oppression",that implies it's actually manifested by men?Historically speaking,how did this come about and how was it actually manifested by men?
当你说到“剥削”、“压迫”这种词时，似乎在暗示女性的这种处境是被男性所操控的吗？从历史的角度来说，它又是如何在男性的操纵下形成的呢？
