*Q means compere
*A means Simone de Beauvoir
Q:This is probably the first time time you are seeing Simone de Beauvoir, like Jean Paul Sartre, her lifelong companion, she has always refused until this year to appear on TV.
這大概是你第一次看見西蒙德波伏娃，她同她的終身伴侶薩特一樣，一直以來拒絕在電視上露面，直到今年。
Her novels, such as the Mandarins, awarded the 1954 Prix Goncourt, or reminiscences like Memories of A Dutiful Daughter,have made her known to the public as one of the greatest writers of today. But it's through her essay The Second Sex,published over 25 years ago,that she has played a historic role in transforming the ideas of our time.
她的小說《名士風流》，獲得1945年龔古爾獎，回憶錄《女兒的回憶》使她成為當代最著名的作家之一。但卻是她的随筆、出版已逾二十五年的《第二性》，使得她成為改變我們時代的曆史性人物。
This thick,arduous two-volume work was the first to describe and explain the secondary status of women throughout human history. Just as the ideological reference for communists is Marx's Captial,feminist all over the world refer today to the The Second Sex.
這本厚重的、艱深的、分上下兩冊的著作，是第一部描述、解釋女性在整個人類曆史上自始至終都作為“第二性”存在着的境況。就像馬克思的《資本論》之于共産主義者，全世界的女性主義者們如今将《第二性》奉為圭臬。
Some people may find this to be a lopsided comparison,because they underestimate the impact of the changes that victories of feminism will bring about in the future ,in the world we live in. It's this rising force and promise of profound changes that Simon de Beauvoir will discuss with us tonight.
有人會認為這個比喻并不恰當，這是因為他們低估了女性主義的勝利為這個世界帶來的影響。女性主義，這種正在冉冉升起的新力量，以及它将為世界帶來怎樣深刻的變化，将是波伏娃今晚要與我們探讨的問題。
Simon de Beauvoir,The Second Sex,were we to try and sum it up,which is indeed a difficult task,could be said to revolve around this idea,which has often be repeated since,but which I'd like you to explain to us:One is not born a woman,one becomes one.
西蒙德波伏娃，您的《第二性》，當我們試圖總結它，會發現那很困難，不過，它圍繞着這樣的一個不斷重複出現的主題，而我們想請您解釋它——女性不是生來就是女性，而是被規訓為女性的。
A:Yes,the formula is the basis of all my theories and its meaning is very simple that being a woman is not a natural fact. It's the results of a certain history. There is no biological but psychological destiny that defines a woman as such.
是的，這個原則是我所有理論的基石。它意味着“成為一個女人”不是一件自然而然的事，而是某些經驗構建的結果。不是生理，而是心理，将女人定義為如今這個樣子。
She is a productive of a history of civilization,First of all,which has resulted in her current status,and secondly,for each individual woman of her personal history,in particular,that of her childhood,this determined her as a woman creates in her something which is not at all innate,or an essence,something which has been called the "enternal feminine",or feminity.
女性整體是文化的産物，它讓她變成如今的樣子。而對于每個女性個體而言，則是她們個人的經驗、尤其是她們童年的經驗，決定她們成為女人。決定她們的從來不是内在的本質，而是一些被叫做“女性特質”的東西，即女性的外在。
The more we study the psychology of children,the deeper we delve,the more evident it becomes that baby girls are manufactured to become women. There's an excellent book written by an Italian,Elena Bellotti,What Are Little Girls Made Of?She shows that long before a child is conscious,the way it is breastfed or held or rocked,etc,inscribe in its body what may later appear to be a destiny.
我們越研究兒童的心理，越深入挖掘，我們就發現越多的證據表明，女嬰是被塑造成為女人的。有一本意大利作家的書，她在書中表明早在兒童有意識之前，母乳喂養的方式、抱或者輕搖孩子的方式等等，都深刻了孩子的身體，并對他們之後的生命造成影響。
Q：The biological differences,which are obvious,play no role,in your opinion,in the way the individual beheaves later on?
生理上的明顯差異，在您看來，在個體行為的形成中，沒有任何起到任何作用嗎？
A：Certainly,they play a role,but the emphasis placed on these differences,the importance they take on,come from the social context around them.Of course,it's important that it's women who got pregnant and have children and not men,that's a major difference,but it's not the basis for the difference in status,or the exploitation and oppression which women are subjected to.It's a pretext around which the feminine condition is built,but it's not what determined this condition.
可以肯定的是，它們并非毫無影響，但是這些差異的重要性是建立在社會語境上的——是女性懷孕生子而不是男性，這一點不同當然很重要——它不是造成如今男女地位懸殊、男性對女性的剝削與壓迫的根本所在，它對這種狀況推波助瀾、但不是決定性因素。
Q：When you say "exploitation"or "oppression",that implies it's actually manifested by men?Historically speaking,how did this come about and how was it actually manifested by men?
當你說到“剝削”、“壓迫”這種詞時，似乎在暗示女性的這種處境是被男性所操控的嗎？從曆史的角度來說，它又是如何在男性的操縱下形成的呢？
